Metrical Considerations – 3

“The wild winds weep,/ And the night is a-cold;/ Come hither, Sleep,/ And my griefs infold” (William Blake)

continuing from yesterday

AG:  Well, “The wild winds weep” (in William Blake’s “Mad Song”)  is epitritus primus; “And the night is a-cold” is anapestic.  Short short long short short (long), or light light heavy, light light heavy.  Right?  “And the night is a-cold” – duh-duh-dah, duh-duh-dah. That’s the anapest.  That’s the fourth down among the three-syllable meters. Anapest. An-a-PEST, rather. “And the night is a-cold”.

“Come hither, Sleep”, epitritus tertius.  “And my griefs infold – “.. duh-duh-dah-duh-dah.  So that’s the anapest.  “And the night is a-cold” “And my griefs infold.” But it’s a mixed anapest – “and my GRIEFS” “in-FOLD” is anapest and iamb.  “And my griefs” is anapest, “infold” could be iambic.

Student:  Can you have rests?

AG:  Yeah.

Student:  Like, can you count rests in that scheme?

AG:  “Come hither … Sleep.”  “Come hither” – duh-dah.  “Come hither (to) sleep.”  “Come hither, Sleep.”  Duh-dah-dah.  But you wouldn’t count the rest, no.

Student:  Ah-hah.

Student:  Could you consider the comma an unaccented syllable or is it….

AG:  They don’t generally count it as such.  That comma or that rest is called a caesura.  Ever hear of that?

Student:  That’s … Allen….

AG:  A caesura is the center (or) that part of the line where you rest before you go on.  In other words, there’s a little natural hesitation within the line marked by a comma or just naturally like “They make mad the roaring winds.”  So, “They make mad” … “the roaring winds” and the caesura would be between “mad” and “the”.  Got it?  But you don’t count a caesura as far as the analytic count but you sure hear it.

Student:  Uh-huh.

AG:  And actually “Come hither…Sleep” — if you didn’t have the comma you might say “Come hither my sleep.”   “Come hither … sleep.”   So,  “And my griefs infold.”…

Then, “But lo! the morning peeps” — duh-dah duh-dah duh-dah:  So that would be primarily iambic.  “But lo! the morning peeps” – “But LO! the MORning PEEPS”,  right? –   So that next one would be all iambic.

“Over the eastern steeps,” – dah-duh-duh-dah-duh-dah — dah duh duh dah duh dah –one two three – dah duh dah – that would be dactylic.  Well, dactylic.  “O-ver the EAST-ern” –  primarily the accent’s on the first syllable of each of the feet in that line.  “O-ver the East-ern Steeps” so I would say it’s a dactyl – “O-ver the” – then “East-ern” is bomb-buhtrochee – or “East-ern Steep” – you could say is a cretic  the amphimacer or cretic – The last of the three-syllable (meters). Dah-duh-dah.  “O’ver the East-ern Steeps” –  dah-duh-dah. You know that- cretic?  Do you have the metrical-scheme thing?

Student:  Not in front of me but I have one.
AG:  Well, take a look.  Look at the amphimacer or cretic, the bottom of the three-syllable ones.
Student:  Yeah, isn’t that the….
AG:  “East-ern Steeps” — would “Eastern Steeps” fit that? “East-ern Steeps.”
Student:  Yeah.
AG:  “East-ern Steeps.”  So you could have “O-ver the” “East-ern Steeps”.  So you could have a mixed (line)  A line of mixed (syllablic-length meters)
Student:  Yeah.

AG:  “O-ver the”  – anapest and amphimacer.   Very few people know all this.  It’s kind of funny.  It’s really simple if you’ve got a scheme.

Student:  What book is this from?

AG:  It’s an old Greek dictionary.  An 1840 Greek dictionary I have around my house.  In those days people actually studied this stuff really carefully in Oxford.

Student:  Who started doing … I mean, was this something that came out of (critical study) and they started breaking it down into these … and what was the, the….

AG:  Well….

Tape breaks off here – to be continued

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